Unit 2: The Cell

Nucleus: Stores DNA for the cell.

Eukaryotic cell: Has a nucleus.

Prokaryotic cell: No nucleus.

Light microscope: uses lenses for focus.

Electron microscope: Creates beam of electrons for focus. It can be scanning, or transmission.

Cell fractionation: Taking a cell apart to study it.

Organelle: Organ for a cell.

Mitochondrion: A organelle that makes ATP (a kind of chemical energy) for the cell. Has it's own DNA.

Chloroplast: organelle in plant cells. Used for photosynthesis. Has it's own DNA.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum: Organelle in a cell. Has lots of ribosomes on it's surface, so it appears rough when looking at it through a microscope. Creates secretory proteins and membranes.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: Organelle in a cell. Does not have ribosomes on it surface, so it appears smooth when looking at it through a microscope. Used for metabolic processes.

Lysosome: Used to hydrolyse macromolecules.

Vesicle: Transporter in the cell.

peroxisomes: Creates toxic hydrogen peroxide away from the rest of the cell. Fortunately it can also turn hydrogen peroxide back into water.

Cytoskeleton: skeleton for the cell. Also used in cell motility when it interacts with motor proteins.

Cell wall: Extracellular structure of plant cells.

Cytoplasm: Area of cell outside the nucleus.

Ribosome: Cellular components that carry out protein synthesis.

Golgi apparatus: Ships and stores products of the endoplasmic reticulum out into the cell.

Cristae: Fold in mitochondria

Nucleolus: Mass of densely stained granules and fibres adjoining part of the chromatin.